Internal-combustion engine



Se t. 15, 1925.

R. HILDEBRAND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jam. 28 1924 ATTORNEYS Patented Sept. 15, 1925;

UNITED STATES 1,553,816 PATENT oFFlcE,

1mm!) RILIQEBRAND, OF WEBSTER GROVES, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR T0 FULTO N moI-wom COMPANY, -01 ST. LQUIS, MIElSQURI', A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

INTERNAL-CGMBUSTION ENGINE.

, Application died January 28, 1924. Serial No. 888,951.

to all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Rnrmnuo Hmonmrm, a citizen of Germany, a resident, of Webster Groves, in the county of St. Louis,

I State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, referones being bad to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines, and the novel features are particularly ada'ited for use in oil engines wherein the foe is discharged into air at a temperature high' enough to i ite the mixture.

The main object of the invention is to obtain a thorough mixture of the air and liquid fuel. More specifically stated, an object is to obtain a, very BfiGC-tlVB mixture by using nozzles whereby liquid fuel alone is injected into the hot air, thus dispensing with the com ressed air ordinarily used for the injection of the fuel. 5 Prior, to this invention, engines of this t pe have beensprovided with nozzles for the injection of the liquid fuel alone, but this is regarded. asa rather modern departure invo ving problems that are not-gen- Io'erally. recognized, and great difliculty has been experienced in obtaining even a fair degree of efliciency from such nozzles. The roblem lies in the mixing of abody of liquid fuel with the highly heated air, theobject-being to ignite and completely consome the fuel during a very brief period. Heretofore two or more streams of liquid fuel have beendiseharged from opposing nozzles pointing toward the middle of the U combustion chamber, and the theory has been that the -combustion will be completed when the liquid reaches a point midway between the nozzles. -However, I have found that the fuel in the opposing streams is not ll completel burned when the midway point is rclche and that some of the fuel particles of the two streams pass beyond this point. This is not desirable because it overclllr es the central part of the combustion ll dam with fuel oil, and the fuel. passing the midway point comes into contact with burned pans, insteadof air, and this results in lute combustion. I it to Mute fine portiuloo at liquid fuel tthrough the hot air in the combustion chamber by means of two or more streams of fuel so arranged that they penetrate almost all of the space in the combustion chamber, without penetrating each other. This combination and arrangement of elements results in a substantially uniformcombustible mixture which is readily ignited and consumed, thereby obtaining high efficiency and all of the other advantages resulting from approximately complete combustion. Instead of attempting to discharge the liquid fuel to a point of impact, or otherwise causing one stream of liquid to retard or interfere-with another, I preferably discharge the fuel in the form offine sprays which freely enter into and commingle with the air throughout the combustion chamber.

In the preferredv form of the invention, fueLinjecting nozzles are arranged to dis-- charge conical sprays of finely divided fuel from opposite sides of the combustion chamber. These sprays of liquid move-in opposite directions, but the nozzles are ofi'eet relative toeach other, so the fineparticles of liquid in each spray will freely penetrate the air'in the combustion chamber, without impinging against or' uniting with another spray. The offset nozzles discharge their conical sprays through different portions of the combustion chamber, and said nozzles are preferably are arranged that the spra willflie alongside of each other'with ti:

sprays, I obtain a substantially uniformcombustible mixture throughout the combustion chamber.

It is apparent that the highest 'eflicienoy is obtained in the use ofan internal combustion engine of the typedisclosed herein only when the liquid fuel and the air. within the combustion chamber are thorou 1y mixed, and therefore my improved engine has been provided. with means for creetingturbulence within the combustion chamber whereby saidclement-a are completely coins-ringed, thus apex of one conical spray adjacent to the.

zies are not in alinement with each other.'

bodiment of the invention.

producing within said combustion chamber 21 combustible mixture which will be quickly and completely consumezi.

"With the foregoing and other objects in view, the invention comprises the novel construction, combination and arrangement of psi-ts hereinafter more specifically described and illustrated in the accompanying drswings, wherein is shown the preferred cm- However, it is to be undcrsiooai that the invention compro hcncls changes, vsrisbions and modifications which come wit-bin the scope of the claims hereunto eppeucieii. r

v Fig. I is a horizontal section through the combustion chamber forming a part of my improved interned combustion engine.

Fig. H is a fragmentary vertical section showing portions of e piston, cyiimlcr and cylinder head providccl with a charge-mire ing device made in accordance with my invention, said View also showing the means for creating turbulence within. saiii combustion chamber.

1 designates an engine cylinder provided .with a piston 2, anclfi designates the cylinder head containing valves 4 and 5 to control the admission of air and the discharge of mioducfis oi combustion.

The combustion chamber is formed in the cylinder head 3, said combustion chamber comprising a cavity 7 of a shape illustrated clearly in the drawing.

Fuel-injecting nozzles 9 extend through opposite sides of the cylinder head, and it will be important to observe that these nox- Thcy areoffset to discharge the liquid fuel across iii'ereut portions of the combustion chamber. Each nozzle is adapted to i1schar s s conical s mm of fuel. and owin to I b b the arrangement of the nozzles, the sprays are in the form. of s double cone with "the conical elements alongside of {each other. The apex of each conical element lies sdjc cent to and at one side of ivhcother conical element, and the adjacent sides of the sprays combustion chamber contains inlet and eX- haust valves i and 5, it will not be convenlento)? dosirablelo make it Walls conform precisely lo the shape of the conical sprays. However, sins general. shape can be rather closcly udl1ll to, as shown by the drawing.

The nozzles 9, as will be noted by referring to Fig. II, are inclined toward-the piston. The cavity 7 in the cylinder head contains the valves and 5, but Fig. ll shows that its upper face lies approximately parallel. with,

the top line of the sprays, 21ml Fig. I; shows that it has side Walls conforming zippi'oximasses-s netely to the angle of the outer siles of the sprays.

While my combustion chamber is a. singlc cavity, a. careful examination of the clrew' ing will show that in eil'ect is is composed of a pair of conical cavities in free commun cation. with each other and that each of seitl conical cavities conforms cp'proxiniaselyic the scape of the spmy which issues from the nozzle at the smell cml of seizi conical cavity. The cavifiics should he so long that the, sprays will not be forcibly discharged onto the wells at their relatively wide ends.

To appreciate the rcsulm of the combisistion herein disclosed, one should. observe that if each minute particle of liquid fuel in a fine mist, oz spicy, is entirely surround cd by the air, a highly wmhustible mixture wil be obtained. it is especially desirable to produce this condition through the entire D11 body of civil: the combustion chamber. the other hand, if the sprays wei'c ci1scnargcii into each other, there would be a,

tendency for the liquid particles to unite anii form relatively large drops, which would not. be consumed, and if the sprays were .jorcibly discharged onto the walls of the combustion chamber, the liquid on the walls would likewise tend to unite and it woulil not be complctelv surrounded by the sir. Furthermore, if *2 1e sprays were iiischsrgscl into each other, the liquicl particles of one spicy would enter the combustion space of the other spray anol come into contact with burned gases instead of air,

The offset nozzles produce separate and (lisiinoi; sprays wherein she tiny liquid ps ticlcs diverge from each other, and there is ZIO'OPPGI'iTHHlty for the sprays to unite and form relatively large drops. the combustion chamber conforms spproiti mately to. the shape and dimensions of the sprays, thus avoiding the consequences of discharging theiiquid fuel onto the walls of the. combustion chamber. Almost all of the air in the combustion chamber is penetmied by the sprays, and each minute si'bicle of liquid fuel issurroundcd by the of, air.

It is extremely important, in the operation of internal combustion. engines of the ty 8 disclosed herein, that the liquid fuel and tile sir within the combustion chamber be thoroughly mixed and therefore I provide means for compelling she complete commingling; of theseclemcnts which means will now be iescribed.

Formed in the lower wall of the combustion chamber is an opening; 8. The opcning 8, as will be seen by referring to ll. of the drawing, is of "much smaller chametcr than the diamcoer of the cylinder of the engine, said opening being preferably cliptical in shape, and is so arranged that its longest dimension extemls diagonally across the lower portion of the combustion Furtl'iermorc,

chamber. It is also clearly shown in the view mentioned that the lowermost portion 10 of the wall in which said opening 8 is formed is inclined upwardly toward said opening. It will be understood that this upwardly inclined portion 10 of the lower wall of the combustion chamber is annular in plan, said, inclined portion of said wall completely surrounding the opening 8. Arranged at the upper end of the piston 2 is a conical portion 2. The annular inclined face of the conical portion 2 of the piston is arranged at the same inclination as'the annular portion 10 of the lower wall of the combustion chamber. i

In the operation of an. engine made in accordance with my invention the upwardly moing piston will cause the air within the engine cylinder to be forced through the opening 8, the inclination of the. portion 10 of the lower wall of the combustion chamber and the inclinations of the conical por engine cylinder, hence this air will be forced through the opening 8 with great velocity whereby considerable turbulence will be caused within the combustion chamber. This turbulence will cause the thorough comiuingling of the air and liquid fuel within the combustion chamber whereby a quick and complete combination will result,

While Ihave illustrated a four-cycle engine in the drawing, it is to be understood that my invention is not limited to fourcycle engines but that by changing the structure slightly my invention might be incorporated into a two-cycle engine. Neither do I limit myself to two sprays, but for larger engines might use three or more.

I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston within said cylinder, a combustion chamber, and fuel-injecting nozzles arranged to discharge conical sprays of fuel at opposite sides of said combustion chamber, said nozzles being arranged at opposite sides of the combustion chamber and offset relative to each otherso that the conical sprays will not impinge against each other, said combustion chamber having walls conforming approximately to the shape and dimensions'of said conical sprays, and a wall of said combustion chamber being provided wth an opening of smaller diameter than the diameter of the cylinder through which opening air is forced by said piston to create turbulence within said oombustion chamber.

2. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston within said-cylinder, a combustion chamber, and fuel-injecting nozzles arranged to discharge conical sprays of fuel at opposite sides of said combustion chamber, said nozzles being offset relative to each other so that the sprays will not impinge against each other, said combustion chamber having walls with inclined faces conforming approximately to the shape of said conical sprays, one of said walls being located adjacent to said cylinder and being provided with an elongated opening of smaller diameter than the diameter of said cylinder through whichopening air is forced by the piston to create turbulence within said combustion chamber, and said elongated opening being formed diagonally of the combustion chamber.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I hereunto ailix my signature.

' REINHARD HILDEBRAND. 

